The best books that treat the Holocaust movingly without exploiting it

This is a vivid and gripping true account of how a brilliant Polish Jewish pianist survived by a fluke the Nazi mass-murder of Warsaw’s Jews in which his parents and three siblings died. The author hid in the ruins of Warsaw through two winters without heating and eating only scraps of food he managed to scavenge. Near death, he was, almost unbelievably, found and helped by a German SS officer who had heard him playing a battered piano.

The book shows humanity at both its worst and its best. The film by Roman Polanski is brilliant, but this memoir is even more powerful.

This novel shocked and even horrified me at first with its graphic description of a woman’s sexual fantasies. What has this to do with the horrors that are to follow? What is the relevance to the Holocaust of Freud’s attempt to treat this disturbed woman? The novel created huge controversy on its publication, and it took me several readings to understand what the author was suggesting–at least, what I think he meant because nothing is spelled out for the reader.

This is the heartbreaking story of a young woman and her small son caught up in the horror of what the Nazis did in Ukraine, and what I think D. M. Thomas is doing in the most inventive and daring manner is to show how deeply embedded in the psyche of Europe is the wickedness, the psychological sickness, that led to the Holocaust. I’m usually uneasy with the supernatural in fiction, but this novel ends with a vision of imagined survival after or in spite of the suffering that had me in tears. 

I can’t understand why this book isn’t better known. It is an actual diary that survived by chance. It was written by a young woman of twenty-one from a wealthy Jewish family long-established in France and not thinking of themselves as anything but French. I found it gripping and harrowing, all the more so because when the Nazis conquer France and start to impose restrictions on Jews, Hélène cannot grasp what is happening or what lies ahead. She has had a happy, secure life, but now these hideous indignities are being imposed on her.

When she is forced to wear the yellow star, she is horrified by the jeers and insults directed at her in the streets by passers-by whom she has always thought of as fellow citizens. The diary brings home, like almost nothing else I’ve read, the way in which the ordinary life of the intended victims turned inexorably into a daily nightmare of anxiety and then terror.

I found the final section almost unbearably painful. Gradually, she realizes that worse things lie ahead, and when she understands what her fate and that of her whole family is to be, the diary stops being addressed to herself. She writes directly to anyone who might find it after what she now rightly knows is her imminent death.

This powerful story angered many when it was published, but Styron is asking serious questions: How do you survive a terrible experience, especially one that forces you to make an agonizing choice? Can you, in fact, survive that? He takes what I believe is the most extreme case of survivor guilt imaginable, which is the heart-rending decision that Sophie is forced to make and which is the core of the novel.

That’s in the past–the recent past for the characters–and in the present, the three main people in the novel find themselves in a painful love triangle that arises specifically from those terrible events but which I found to be a very perceptive insight into a situation that many of us find ourselves in.

It’s about a different kind of choice but one which will cause pain, whatever is decided. 

If there is any light to be found in the horror of what happened in Eastern Europe under the Nazis, it is in stories like these. The novel is very closely based on real events in which a German businessman takes a risk by employing and then protecting a large number of Jews.

What I think is so good about it is that it doesn’t sentimentalize or over-simplify what happened. You want to identify with Schindler, the heroic German, but he’s far from saintly. And not all the people he rescues are wholly admirable, either. I found the novel unputdownable, and the suspense isn’t gratuitously stuck on to make the story more exciting.

It’s one of the few fictions about that horror that manages to create a suspenseful narrative without making you feel guilty for enjoying it, and that’s because you know that the frightening twists and turns of the narrative are pretty much what actually occurred.