The best books on healthy and compromised brains

One of the world’s best neuroscientists, who won the Nobel Prize in 2000, engagingly describes neurological and cognitive diseases/conditions and how they can be debilitating but, in some cases, can lead to extraordinary mental abilities in memory, visual arts, etc.

It came out the same year as my book, and it adds to and complements it. I found the descriptions of brain disorders compelling and the history of psychiatry woven into the chapters fascinating. The relationship between certain cognitive disorders and highly creative people is discussed, and an intriguing reason for this is proposed.

Although this book has been around for a very long time, I only encountered it earlier this year.

It is a scientific fiction novel based on a supposed treatment given to a mentally handicapped young man (Charlie) that gave him great intelligence. This treatment had been tried earlier on mice (one being Algernon), enabling them to do cognitive tasks impossible for ordinary mice. The basis for much of the book was that the treatment was not permanent, and first, Algernon and then Charlie deteriorated back to where they were cognitively before the treatment.

The book beautifully describes what it was like (in Charlie’s own words) to be cognitively disabled before the treatment and how he was treated by people; then, when the treatment was effective, and finally, as he was deteriorating, which he recognized was happening. Although fictional, the descriptions of the cognitive changes in Charlie are compelling.

One of Oliver Sack’s delightful books containing stories of individuals with various neurological disorders. I read the first one, The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, back in the 1980s  when it first came out and was hooked, now having read almost all of them.

The one I am recommending is, I believe, more relevant to an understanding of brain mechanisms. One criticism I have had of Sack’s books is that there is little in the way of neurobiological explanations for the conditions described. In my book, most chapters begin with a Sack-like story about a specific neurological condition that is then explained, as far as possible, neurobiologically in the chapter.

I very much enjoy reading biographies and autobiographies about scientists. My favorite is Cajal’s autobiography.

Cajal is considered by many to be the Father of Neuroscience. He grew up in Spain, where he lived his entire life. He loved to draw and wanted to become an artist, but his father discouraged this, so he went to medical school. He used his artistic skills to great advantage when he began to study the brain and its cells. His drawings are meticulous, exceptionally accurate, and have never been surpassed.

Virtually every book on neuroscience includes some of his drawings. This book recounts not only his scientific career but also other of his fascinations. He loved chess and played it with individuals all over the world, but he gave it up because it was taking up too much of his time.

This fascinating book is essentially the story of prefrontal lobotomies and the surgery that was developed to carry out the procedure. Although it did help certain violent patients, it had serious side effects not recognized initially and was used inappropriately on too many patients (including President Kennedy’s sister).

The book recounts the history of why the procedure was developed and many of the scientists and surgeons involved. It provides a perfect case study of the caution needed when a new, thought to be miraculous, treatment for any disease is first tried.