My favorite books about Roman slavery

Why am I passionate about this?

I'm the Director of Studies in Classics at Churchill College, Cambridge University. My research looks at Roman cultural history, with a focus on history "from below," meaning that I'm most interested in ordinary Romans, slaves and the poor. There have been thirty-five translations of my books into sixteen languages. I come from a modest background and was the first in my family to go to university. I found moving up the social ladder a bewildering and sometimes terrifying experience. Classics back then was still an elite subject, dominated by people from wealthy backgrounds. My research interests have always reflected my fascination with those at the bottom of the social ladder.


I wrote...

The Roman Guide to Slave Management: A Treatise by Nobleman Marcus Sidonius Falx

By Jerry Toner,

Book cover of The Roman Guide to Slave Management: A Treatise by Nobleman Marcus Sidonius Falx

What is my book about?

My book provides a clear and simple manual for managing slaves the Roman way. Full of details of the reality of ancient slavery, its shows how the Roman world, for all its apparent familiarity, was almost casually shocking.

I wrote it in the guise of Marcus Sidonius Falx, a Roman of noble birth, because I wanted to get across how normal slavery was back then. I also wanted to expose how dreadful it was from the inside. My book is based on lots of original sources to show all the details, like how they bought slaves and then got the best from them. It talks about what made a good slave, how you punished bad slaves, whether you could have sex with them and how you set them free.

Shepherd is reader supported. When you buy books, we may earn an affiliate commission.

The books I picked & why

Book cover of Aesop Without Morals: The Famous Fables and a Life of Aesop

Jerry Toner Why did I love this book?

You've probably heard of the Aesop fables, which were written so that slaves could speak the truth to their masters in disguised terms. The Life of Aesop is an ancient novel length version of the escapades of the slave. Potbellied, snub-nosed and bandy-legged, his openly sexual behaviour broke all the rules of ancient life, which generates much of the humour. He is a trickster who wins small, temporary victories based on an intimate knowledge of how the powerful operate. He works constantly to invert the social order and even though he loses in the end it is only to overwhelming odds. The translation can be found in Daly, L. W. (ed.), Aesop Without Morals: The Famous Fables and a Life of Aesop.

By Lloyd W. Daly, Grace Muscarella (illustrator),

Why should I read it?

1 author picked Aesop Without Morals as one of their favorite books, and they share why you should read it.

What is this book about?

Here are the familiar Fables of Aesop--moralistic pap for school children for so many hundred of years that it is almost impossible to think of them in any other light. But Lloyd W. Daly, prominent educator and classicist, now presents the Fables in a new light--as adult literature, as an important and telling expression of Greek creative genius.


Book cover of Conquerors and Slaves

Jerry Toner Why did I love this book?

Keith Hopkins was Professor of Ancient History when I was a student and his brilliant courses on ancient papyrus evidence made me want to do a PhD. I then fell out with him big-time but his book on how the Roman slave system worked is still an inspiration. In incredibly clear language he spells out how the slaves generated by conquest were recycled into the broader economic system in a way that seems obvious.

By Keith Hopkins,

Why should I read it?

1 author picked Conquerors and Slaves as one of their favorite books, and they share why you should read it.

What is this book about?

The enormous size of the Roman empire and the length of time it endured call for an understanding of the institutions which sustained it. In this book, Keith Hopkins, who is both classicist and sociologist, uses various sociological concepts and methods to gain new insights into how traditional Roman institutions changed as the Romans acquired their empire. He examines the chain reactions resulting from increased wealth; various aspects of slavery, especially manumission and the cost of freedom; the curious phenomenon of the political power wielded by eunuchs at court; and in the final chapter he discusses the Roman emperor's divinity…


Book cover of Slavery and Society at Rome

Jerry Toner Why did I love this book?

Imagine slaves and we generally think of the workers on the cash-crop plantations of the British Caribbean or the southern states of antebellum America. Roman slavery was in many ways a more complicated institution and owning slaves was as much about status as it was about economic exploitation. Bradley's excellent book goes into tremendous detail but always manages to do so with amazing clarity. Definitely the best introduction to a difficult other world.

By Keith Bradley,

Why should I read it?

1 author picked Slavery and Society at Rome as one of their favorite books, and they share why you should read it.

What is this book about?

This book, first published in 1994, is concerned with discovering what it was like to be a slave in the classical Roman world, and with revealing the impact the institution of slavery made on Roman society at large. It shows how and in what sense Rome was a slave society through much of its history, considers how the Romans procured their slaves, discusses the work roles slaves fulfilled and the material conditions under which they spent their lives, investigates how slaves responded to and resisted slavery, and reveals how slavery, as an institution, became more and more oppressive over time…


Book cover of Slavery in the Late Roman World, Ad 275-425

Jerry Toner Why did I love this book?

Roman slavery existed for a thousand years. We usually think that it was simply the result of empire, which saw millions of prisoners-of-war enslaved by their Roman conquerors. But slavery continued to play a core role in Roman society long after the empire had stopped expanding. Harper's detailed book shows how pervasive savery was to Roman culture, so much so that Christians thought it was normal too.

By Kyle Harper,

Why should I read it?

1 author picked Slavery in the Late Roman World, Ad 275-425 as one of their favorite books, and they share why you should read it.

What is this book about?

Capitalizing on the rich historical record of late antiquity, and employing sophisticated methodologies from social and economic history, this book reinterprets the end of Roman slavery. Kyle Harper challenges traditional interpretations of a transition from antiquity to the Middle Ages, arguing instead that a deep divide runs through 'late antiquity', separating the Roman slave system from its early medieval successors. In the process, he covers the economic, social and institutional dimensions of ancient slavery and presents the most comprehensive analytical treatment of a pre-modern slave system now available. By scouring the late antique record, he has uncovered a wealth of…


Book cover of Ideas of Slavery from Aristotle to Augustine

Jerry Toner Why did I love this book?

Peter Garnsey was my PhD supervisor and he is a generous soul with a love of big topics. This book gives an overview of the many ways in which the ancients thought about slavery. It is true that there was no Roman abolition movement, but many ancient writers thought deeply about slavery and the issues involved. Sometimes they justified it, other times they criticised it, but throughout slavery was seen as unavoidable. The Christians called their God “dominus” just as slaves would have done their master.

By Peter Garnsey,

Why should I read it?

1 author picked Ideas of Slavery from Aristotle to Augustine as one of their favorite books, and they share why you should read it.

What is this book about?

This study, unique of its kind, asks how slavery was viewed by the leading spokesmen of Greece and Rome. There was no movement for abolition in these societies, nor a vigorous debate, such as occurred in antebellum America, but this does not imply that slavery was accepted without question. Dr Garnsey draws on a wide range of sources, pagan, Jewish and Christian, over ten centuries, to challenge the common assumption of passive acquiescence in slavery, and the associated view that, Aristotle apart, there was no systematic thought on slavery. The work contains both a typology of attitudes to slavery ranging…


You might also like...

The Sailor Without a Sweetheart

By Katherine Grant,

Book cover of The Sailor Without a Sweetheart

Katherine Grant Author Of The Viscount Without Virtue

New book alert!

Why am I passionate about this?

Author Novelist History nerd Amateur dancer Reader New Yorker

Katherine's 3 favorite reads in 2023

What is my book about?

Enjoy this Persuasion-inspired historical romance!

Six years ago, Amy decided *not* to elope with Captain Nate Preston. Now, he is back in the neighborhood, and he is shocked to discover that Amy is unmarried. Even more surprising, she is clearly battling some unnamed illness. Thrown together by circumstances outside their control, Nate and Amy try to be friends. Soon, it becomes clear that their feelings for each other never died. Has anything changed, or are they destined for heartbreak once more?

The Sailor Without a Sweetheart

By Katherine Grant,

What is this book about?

Is love worth giving a second chance?

Six years ago, Amy Lamplugh decided not to elope with Nate Preston. Ever since, she has been working hard to convince herself she was right to choose her family over Nate.

Now, Nate is back. After an illustrious career as a naval captain, he faces a court martial for disobeying orders while fighting the slave trade. He accepts an invitation to await the trial at a country estate outside of Portsmouth - and discovers he is suddenly neighbors with Amy.

Nate is shocked to find that Amy didn’t end up marrying someone rich…


5 book lists we think you will like!

Interested in Slavery, the economy, and Aristotle?

10,000+ authors have recommended their favorite books and what they love about them. Browse their picks for the best books about Slavery, the economy, and Aristotle.

Slavery Explore 285 books about Slavery
The Economy Explore 196 books about the economy
Aristotle Explore 54 books about Aristotle