The best secondary books about the War of 1812 for a five-volume essential library

This study is by far the best single-volume history of the war. John Stagg is a prolific, American-based historian, known in particular for his leadership in editing the Papers of James Madison, the president who took his country to war with Great Britain in 1812. Dr. Stagg’s book covers all the important themes about the conflict, and, despite having been published in 1983, has not been superseded. Anyone wanting a strong, detailed, and complete study could not find a better option. 

Mr. Madison’s War is, however, a serious academic study, so some readers might find it “hard-going.” There are other one-volume studies of the conflict in print, but most of them strike me as being more than a little deficient. Two of the most accessible and reliable standard-length overviews for those unwilling to take on John Stagg are J.M. Hitsman’s The Incredible War of 1812, updated and edited by well-known Canadian historian Donald E. Graves, and Donald R. Hickey’s The War of 1812: A Forgotten Conflict, revised edition, by one of the most prominent American historians on the subject. For a short and concise history, people might like my War of 1812.

The 1813 American campaign against Montreal posed the most dangerous threat to Canadian security during the war until it climaxed with British victories at Châteauguay and Crysler’s Farm. Oddly, it is not known as well as those that occurred on the Niagara Peninsula or in the territories surrounding the western end of Lake Erie. Field of Glory is a detailed and much appreciated narrative of that campaign. Any basic library of the war should include a least one comprehensive ground-level study of the fighting, and this book is one of the best of the genre, along with the other two that comprise Don Graves’s “Forgotten Soldiers Trilogy,” Where Right and Glory Lead! The Battle of Lundy’s Lane, 1814; and All Their Glory Past: Fort Erie, Plattsburgh, and the Final Battle of the North, 1814.

In contrast, a large percentage of other campaign histories tend to be written by authors who have done less archival research than Mr. Graves has or who lack his depth of expertise on the armies, tactics, conditions, personalities, and other essential details needed for such studies. His books also benefit from extensive appendices that present each combatant’s order of battle and other data for readers who get excited about such information, while both arm-chair historians and specialist scholars will enjoy the descriptive chapters, with their strong narrative drive, telling details, and fair-minded analysis.

Studies for general readers tend to be weak. An exception that logically would form an example of a popular writer’s efforts in an essential library is John Sugden’s Tecumseh. The Indigenous history of the war is poorly understood, and often suffers from grim biases when non-specialists write about the First Nations. This text on the most famous of the conflict’s Native participants presents readers with an accessible biography aimed at general audiences within the context of the wider issues that afflicted the Shawnees and other tribes of the “Old Northwest” in today’s Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, and neighbouring regions. Another, older meritorious book is by Cherokee author R. David Edmunds, who wrote Tecumseh and the Quest for Indian Leadership. Dr. Edmunds is well known for other important books in Indigenous history, and like British historian John Sugden, is well worth reading for his insights, presented through strong and interesting prose.

We tend to reject older histories, but sometimes they maintain their currency and their importance – and thus remain in print and would find a respectable berth on a basic thematic bookshelf. One such work is Alfred T. Mahan’s two-volume Sea Power in its Relations to the War of 1812, first published in 1905. An officer in the United States Navy during the American Civil War, Mahan later joined the faculty of the Naval War College where he combined his professional experiences with close studies of historical records to examine the theme of sea power’s importance in history from the 17th century to his own time. His 1812 text was one of his works that proved to be influential in naval circles in Britain, France, the United States, and Japan in his day and afterwards. For modern readers, Sea Power is a well-written, accessible, but sophisticated study that not only rewards them as a narrative of one of the more important aspects of the War of 1812, but as an adventure into the historiographical mind of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

There are an enormous range of themes associated with the War of 1812, from the war’s social contexts to Black history, to the Treaty of Ghent that ended the conflict, to the war’s place in history and memory, and many other topics. In a five-book essential list, they can’t be covered adequately, but readers may turn to essay collections to examine a good number of these concerns. This volume is the best of such collections, with most of its essays having been written by leading experts in the field. It also captures a good sense of the understanding of the war at the time of its bicentennial years of 2012-15 when historical interest was particularly strong and when scholars re-evaluated many of our commonly held assumptions. Now, ten years on, these essays have held up well. One word of warning, however: the chronology looks authoritative but isn’t. Some of the dates are wrong and its compiler’s aggressive American patriotism undermined his scholarly obligations to his readers, as exemplified by listing American naval victories but leaving out equivalent British successes and by flag-waving warped descriptions of events.