The best books to read on human-wildlife conflict and sustainable conservation

Why am I passionate about this?

Ever since childhood, I have been fascinated by African wildlife. When I worked in Africa as a journalist, I always found ways to view wildlife and to meet those who lived alongside dangerous and charismatic animals and those who conserved them. When I moved into academia, I started researching human-wildlife relations in detail, examining sustainable conservation approaches and how to control the illegal wildlife trade. It is a passion, almost an obsession, and as I finish researching and writing one book, another is already fixed in my brain.


I wrote...

Humans and Lions: Conflict, Conservation and Coexistence

By Keith Somerville,

Book cover of Humans and Lions: Conflict, Conservation and Coexistence

What is my book about?

A study of the history, evolution, and nature of human-lion conflict, coexistence, and conservation. Beginning with the evolution of lions and humans–closely linked in time and location with elements of co-evolution–the book charts the change in the interactions as ear hominins evolved into modern homo sapiens.

Lions once hunted humans, and then humans improved their defenses and ability to compete as scavengers and hunters. Then, human land use, the development of firearms, and the development of hunting to clear predators from livestock farming areas and hunting for commercial purposes (skins, claws, and teeth) and for sport massively depleted lion numbers. Now, conservation is playing catch-up to save lions and their habitat. This has brought debates over trophy hunting and sustainable use strategies.

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The books I picked & why

Book cover of Sacred Nature 2: Reconnecting People to Our Planet

Keith Somerville Why did I love this book?

This book is an amazing collection of stunning pictures – I loved the outstanding photographs of wildlife, landscapes, people and the vast but fragile web of nature taken by photographers and naturalists Jonathan and Angela Scott.

I found the combination of the impact of the images, the quotations about nature, and the narrative accompanying the pictures to be incredible – joyful and sombre. I was joyful as I enjoyed the entrancing pictures (such as the sunrise in the Maasai Mara) and sombre as I considered the narrative and the reality of human degradation and destruction of nature and the whole web of life of which we are far from the positive strand.

By Angela Scott, Jonathan Scott,

Why should I read it?

1 author picked Sacred Nature 2 as one of their favorite books, and they share why you should read it.

What is this book about?

Sacred Nature Volume 2: Reconnecting People to Our Planet is a beautiful 288-page fine art wildlife photography book, supporting the protection of our planet and its priceless wild places. This book takes the ethos of the first volume and applies it to the whole planet - to our savannas, forests, deserts, mountains, oceans and polar regions. Jonathan and Angela's intention is to reveal the wonder and beauty of our world, instilling a sense of awe and concern for its well being. In 2016 Jonathan and Angela Scott published their award-winning book Sacred Nature: Life's Eternal Dance (HPH Publishing 9780994692405). This…


Book cover of Trophy Hunting

Keith Somerville Why did I love this book?

I love the academic rigor, clear writing, and balanced approach to one of the most controversial topics in wildlife conservation. I have written about hunting in relation to elephants, lions, and rhinos and found this book to be comprehensive in its coverage of the issue and its wider linkages.

Does hunting have a value–if so, what is the value, and to whom does it accrue? Do utilitarian arguments around the idea of the greatest good for the greatest number work to justify the sport/trophy hunting of animals? Can the shooting of a rhino, elephant, lion, buffalo, etc, be ethical if it contributes to conserving habitat and a wide range of species? These are all topics I have wrestled with and continue to think deeply about as I write about wildlife conservation.

By Nikolaj Bichel, Adam Hart,

Why should I read it?

1 author picked Trophy Hunting as one of their favorite books, and they share why you should read it.

What is this book about?

This book gets to the heart of trophy hunting, unpacking and explaining its multiple facets and controversies, and exploring why it divides environmentalists, the hunting community, and the public. Bichel and Hart provide the first interdisciplinary and comprehensive approach to the study of trophy hunting, investigating the history of trophy hunting, and delving into the background, identity and motivation of trophy hunters. They also explore the role of social media and anthropomorphism in shaping trophy hunting discourse, as well as the viability of trophy hunting as a wildlife management tool, the ideals of fair chase and sportsmanship, and what hunting…


Book cover of Security and Conservation: The Politics of the Illegal Wildlife Trade

Keith Somerville Why did I love this book?

Rosaleen Duffy, who ran the BIOSEC project at the University of Sheffield, established and funded it “to explore whether concerns about biodiversity protection and global security are becoming integrated” and has spent years examining the increasing militarisation of conservation globally.

Her work has been a great source of inspiration for me as I have delved into these complex issues. In this important and excellent book, Duffy skillfully expounded and analyzed the topic's core. Duffy discovered many private military companies involved directly in anti-poaching and indirectly in training. 

These include Veterans Empowered to Protect African Wildlife (VETPAW), Veterans4Wildlife, Chengeta Wildlife, International Anti Poaching Foundation (IAPF), Ecological Defense Group, Inc (EDGE), and Maisha Consulting.

Militarisation and military training are controversial subjects in conservation, with over-militarisation leading to human rights abuses and the feeling among local communities that anti-poaching units are armies of occupation. Duffy examines this in great detail and, for me, has explained the issues and dangers involved and further prompted me to research them.

By Rosaleen Duffy,

Why should I read it?

1 author picked Security and Conservation as one of their favorite books, and they share why you should read it.

What is this book about?

An exploration of the scale, practical reality, and future implications of the growing integration of biodiversity conservation with global security concerns

"Offers a thorough overview of an aspect of conservation that has become increasingly important but often unfortunately fails to make the nightly news."-Well-Read Naturalist

Debates regarding environmental security risks have generally focused on climate change and geopolitical water conflicts. Biodiversity conservation, however, is increasingly identified as a critical contributor to national and global security. The illegal wildlife trade is often articulated as a driver of biodiversity losses, and as a source of finance for organized crime networks, armed groups,…


Book cover of The Spotted Hyena: A Study of Predation and Social Behavior

Keith Somerville Why did I love this book?

I read this book after working in Malawi and carrying out my first safaris in Kenya and Zimbabwe. I saw hyenas and found them fascinating despite the generally held view that they were despicable parasites and vermin. 

Kruuk’s book opened my eyes to their success as hunters, not mere scavengers, to their complex, matriarchal social systems, and to the role, when not hunting, as what one could call the sanitary engineers of the eco-systems in which they live.  It influenced me to research them and eventually write a book on human attitudes toward hyenas.

By Hans Kruuk,

Why should I read it?

1 author picked The Spotted Hyena as one of their favorite books, and they share why you should read it.

What is this book about?

In this seminal study, Hans Kruuk redefines the image of the spotted hyena, not as a common scavenger, but as a complex matriarchal predator with links to human evolution. The Spotted Hyena is the first study to capture the true behavior and ecology of these formidable predators, who instinctively adapt their social structure to meet their ecological needs. Kruuk's research reveals for the first time that hyenas combine carnivorous habits with group territoriality, thus drawing parallels between their existence and that of wolves, lions, and arguably early humans.

In addition to being lovable rogues, spotted hyenas are sophisticated hunters that…


Book cover of Man-Eaters of Kumaon

Keith Somerville Why did I love this book?

Published 80 years ago and based on the author’s experiences hunting man-eating tigers and leopards in northern India, I read this book repeatedly. Well and sensitively written, it is not a book of boasting, hunting, and bravado but a nuanced account of efforts to protect local people from the ravages of seriously dangerous wildlife.

Corbett, part of the British occupation machinery in India, projects a love of the people of northern India and the wildlife. He is deeply committed to both and laments the need to kill tigers but accepts that protecting ordinary people is the priority.

He provides a wealth of wildlife information and always explains how and why a tiger became a man-eater–often the result of a bad encounter with a porcupine, the breaking of canines in older tigers, or injuries received hunting or being hunted.

By Jim Corbett,

Why should I read it?

2 authors picked Man-Eaters of Kumaon as one of their favorite books, and they share why you should read it.

What is this book about?

Her tracks now–as she carried away the girl–led into the wilderness of rocks, some acres in extent, where the going was both difficult and dangerous. The cracks and chasms in between the rocks were masked with ferns, blackberry vines, and a false step, which might easily have resulted in a broken limb, would have been fatal. Progress under these conditions was of necessity slow, and the tigress was taking advantage of it to continue her meal. A dozen times I found where she had rested, and after each of these rests, the blood trail became more distinct.

This was her…


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Rip Current

By Sharon Ward,

Book cover of Rip Current

Sharon Ward Author Of In Deep

New book alert!

Why am I passionate about this?

Even as a kid, I was intrigued by the underwater world, so as an adult, I learned to scuba dive. I took to it like a fish to water, and my husband and I spent the next several years traveling to tropical islands to experience the local dive conditions whenever possible. I loved learning how every island had a different culture and a different undersea environment. Since I love tropical islands, scuba diving, mysteries, and adventure stories, these books really hit my sweet spot.

Sharon's book list on mysteries set on a tropical island

What is my book about?

Unsettled weather has caused life-threatening rip currents to sprout up seemingly at random in the usually tranquil sea around Grand Cayman. Despite posted warnings to stay out of the surf, several women lose their life when caught in the turbulent waters. Fin attempts some dangerous rescues, and nearly loses her own life in the process.

Meanwhile, Fin and the team at RIO are struggling to find more sources of funding for the Institute’s important research, and danger arises from an unexpected source while Fin and hot movie star Rafe Cummings are filming an upcoming documentary. When a young internet influencer…

Rip Current

By Sharon Ward,

What is this book about?

Unsettled weather has caused life-threatening rip currents to sprout up seemingly at random in the usually tranquil sea around Grand Cayman. Despite posted warnings to stay out of the surf, several women lose their life when caught in the turbulent waters. Fin attempts some dangerous rescues, and nearly loses her own life in the process.
Meanwhile, Fin and the team at RIO are struggling to find more sources of funding for the Institute’s important research, and danger arises from an unexpected source while Fin and hot movie star Rafe Cummings are filming an upcoming documentary.
Soon after a young internet…


5 book lists we think you will like!

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