The best economic books about money illusion, related behavioral macroeconomic topics and experiments

Similarly, like John Maynard Keynes is considered to be “father of macroeconomics”, Irving Fisher is considered to be “father of money illusion”, which is a failure to perceive that the dollar expands or shrinks in value.

Although this book is older, it is highly topical for me, because of the rapid development of behavioral macroeconomics, which brings back attention to the resurrected concept of money illusion.

Fisher remarkably demonstrates, with the help of illustrative examples, direct harm which might be experienced in real life by people who suffer from money illusion in financial markets or labor markets. Fisher uses persuasive case studies based on his own observations. 

He also utilizes money illusion and its indirect harms in order to explain the nature of the business cycle, in which case money is not neutral in the short run.

Revolutionary book of that time, which was really exciting to read since it shows that psychology might play a very important role at the aggregate level.

According to my view, it started to build the pavement for modern discipline of behavioral macroeconomics. It borrows the famous concept of animal spirits in order to emphasize the break with the tradition of standard economics described by rationality. Animal spirits represent absolutely unavoidable element of working in the real economy, because of the biased behavior of humans.

These animal spirits such as framing, confidence, and its multipliers, fairness, or money illusion are used in order to illustrate its far-reaching implications for the economy. This book motivated me to think about business cycles, housing markets, financial markets, labor markets, or monetary policy from a different perspective.

I like this book especially due to its ability to illustrate money illusion in a very unconventional context.

Normally, money illusion means that people take nominal variables as proxy for real variables, which leads to suboptimal choice having real effects on the economy and affecting business cycle.

However, to my great surprise this book claims that even economic experts might suffer from some kind of money illusion, because they tend to misinterpret what is happening in the monetary system. This offers a very interesting explanation of recession and suggests that economists have not targeted adequate variables.

Unconventional suggestion to practice nominal GDP (gross domestic product) targeting instead of targeting the money supply is “outcome” of unique author´s vision called market monetarism. Inattention of policymakers to development of nominal GDP is blamed to be the direct cause of recession. 

This was an exciting reading for me. I find a great connection with Akerlof and Shiller’s book Animal Spirits.

This book admits, that people might have some cognitive limitations and use simple forecasting rules in order to make decisions with resulting implications at the aggregate level. As a result, there is great potential for the emerging, yet undiscovered discipline of behavioral macroeconomics.

Personally, for me, revolutionary element is the combination of bounded rationality and willingness to learn from past mistakes and consequent switch to better rules. This book introduces special behavioral macroeconomic model based on the dynamics of endogenous animal spirits, in which case waves of optimism and pessimism are responsible for the business cycle itself.

I find especially interesting the part devoted to the discussion of how central banks should approach inflation targeting in behavioral models with animal spirits.

This book is more scientific, but very interesting if you like to dig more into the depth of money illusion backed by its experimental investigation.

The old concept of money illusion is updated and transformed into its modern version, which is built on the principle of strategic complementarity. In this case, even a negligible individual money illusion suffered by only few agents might multiply effects of money illusion at the aggregate level due to a well-known mainstream concept called coordination failure. Modern money illusion might be responsible for substantial effects at the aggregate level.

For me, this book is very appealing, since the non-neutrality of money in the short run is explained in an alternative way, but it does not deny standard rational expectations theory.