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Rachel Hope Cleves

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Charity and Sylvia: A Same-Sex Marriage in Early America First Edition

by Rechel Hope Cleves (Author)

4.6 180 ratings

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Charity and Sylvia is the intimate history of two ordinary women who lived in an extraordinary same-sex marriage during the early nineteenth century. Based on diaries, letters, and poetry, among other original documents, the research traces the women's lives in sharp detail. Charity Bryant was born in 1777 to a consumptive mother who died a month later. Raised in Massachusetts, Charity developed into a brilliant and strong-willed woman with a passion for her own sex. After being banished from her family home by her father at age twenty, she traveled throughout Massachusetts, working as a teacher, making intimate female friends, and becoming the subject of gossip wherever she lived. At age twenty-nine, still defiantly single, Charity visited friends in Weybridge, Vermont. There she met Sylvia Drake, a pious and studious young woman whose family had moved to the frontier village after losing their Massachusetts farm during the Revolution. The two soon became so inseparable that Charity decided to rent rooms in Weybridge. Sylvia came to join her on July 3, 1807, commencing a forty-four year union that lasted until Charity's death.

Over the years, the women came to be recognized as a married couple, or something like it. Charity took the role of husband, and Sylvia of wife, within the marriage. Revered by their community, Charity and Sylvia operated a tailor shop employing many local women, served as guiding lights within their church, and participated in raising more than one hundred nieces and nephews. Most extraordinary, all the while the sexual potential of their union remained an open secret, cloaked in silence to preserve their reputations. The story of Charity and Sylvia overturns today's conventional wisdom that same-sex marriage is a modern innovation, and reveals that early America was both more diverse and more accommodating than modern society imagines.

ISBN-10

019062731X
ISBN-13

978-0190627317
Edition

First Edition
Publisher

Oxford University Press
Publication date

October 1, 2016
Language

English
Dimensions

9.1 x 0.7 x 6.1 inches
Print length

296 pages
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Editorial Reviews

Review

"The book is the first to delve deep into the history of an early American same-sex marriage. Cleves sees Drake and Bryant not as an aberration, but as part of a larger history of same-sex partnerships that has yet to be written--one that now exists mainly as clues dropped in family histories and stories told in the archives of local historical societies."--Rebecca Onion, Boston Globe

"The moving true story of a same-sex couple who found an honored place in early 19th-century Vermont...Rachel Hope Cleves' new book, Charity and Sylvia: A Same Sex Marriage in Early America, is a slim, tender tribute to this marriage-in-all-but-law...Academic histories capable of bringing tears to a reader's eyes are rare, but Charity and Sylvia is one of them."--Salon

"Rachel Hope Cleves offers a lyrical portrait of a same-sex marriage in this new book. Here completely assembled for the first time is the compelling story of Charity Bryant and Sylvia Drake and their forty-four-year (1807-51) domestic, romantic, and sexual union....Through nineteen short, crisply composed chapters, readers are drawn into the intimate world of Charity and Sylvia....Scholars of the history of sexuality and the general reading public alike--but especially those engaged in same-sex marriages in the twenty-first century--will appreciate the depth of research and the beautiful prose of this book. Charity and Sylvia would be proud."--Journal of the History of Sexuality

"...Rachel Hope Cleves's Charity and Sylvia is an important contribution to the field. Finally, a historian has documented a long-term same-sex relationship in the early republic....Charity and Sylvia is a compelling story that fills a long-standing void in the history of sexuality."--Journal of American History

"In a year when same-sex marriages are being recognized, unrecognized and rerecognized in courtrooms around the country, historian Rachel Hope Cleves flies us back in time two centuries to a remarkable couple...Drawing on documents and letters, and occasionally reading between the lines and interpreting silences, Cleves meticulously reconstructs their lives together in Charity and Sylvia. She explores fascinating and difficult questions, such as how the two women squared their relationship with their religious community and whether this was a sexual union."--Milwaukee Journal Sentinel

"In telling [the story of Charity Bryant and Sylvia Drake], Cleves has written more than a work of recovery of a lesbian past. She offers an intriguing inquiry into the language of letters and poetry. Her close reading uncovers hidden meanings to reveal the private coded words of the same-sex female lovers."--Journal of Interdisciplinary History

"Charity and Sylvia is undeniably smart--a devastatingly handsome contribution to our understanding of the history of gender and sexuality in the United States and the history of the early republic and antebellum period generally."--The New England Quarterly

"In this beautifully written and utterly absorbing love story, Cleves (The Reign of Terror in America) explores the lives of Charity Bryant and Sylvia Drake, two ordinary middle-class women who serve as a window on historical constructs of marriage, gender, and sexuality in late 18th-century and early 19th-century America...Meticulously researched and brilliantly argued, Cleves has crafted an important work of history that resonates with one of today's most public debates."--Publishers Weekly (starred review)

"[A] remarkable story of which [Cleves] tells with equal parts rigor and sensitivity...Charity & Sylvia is an absorbing and perspective-shifting read in its entirety, chronicling the lives of these two pioneering women, the multitude of challenges, personal and social, they overcame to be together, and the depth and richness of their lifelong love."--Brainpickings

"Starting with the birth of the woman on whom author Rachel Hope Cleves focuses most, this book opens with a slice of life during the Revolutionary War. We then move back and forth in narrative, but Cleves never lets us forget the time and space that her subjects inhabited, the social mores, the historical aspects, nor the seemingly-inconsistent attitudes toward romance and sex that our forebears held and that which we've been led to believe they had. I found that deeply fascinating and highly entertaining. I think that if you're a fan of history (LGBT or otherwise), this is something you'll relish. With chaste retelling and its abundant details, Charity & Sylvia is your grandmother's book--and yours, too."--Washington Blade

"With Charity and Sylvia Cleves has stitched together a coherent, captivating account, one filled with vibrant details, and she offers a provocative conclusion: however astonishing their story, it might not be that uncommon."--The Gay & Lesbian Review

Book Description

Charity and Sylvia is the intimate history of the extraordinary marriage of two ordinary early American women

Product details

Publisher ‏ : ‎ Oxford University Press; First Edition (October 1, 2016)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Paperback ‏ : ‎ 296 pages
ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 019062731X
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0190627317
Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 15.2 ounces
Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 9.1 x 0.7 x 6.1 inches

Best Sellers Rank: #971,322 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #1,507 in LGBTQ+ Demographic Studies
- #2,809 in Women in History
- #16,365 in U.S. State & Local History

Customer Reviews:
4.6 180 ratings

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Nancy

Fascinating book

Reviewed in the United States on December 28, 2014

Verified Purchase

In this very readable and engrossing book, Rachel Hope Cleves uses a wide variety of evidence to help us understand how Charity and Sylvia, a presumably lesbian couple in early 19th century Vermont, may have experienced their lives. I found particularly interesting her analysis of the order in which Charity and Sylvia added rooms to their house as they had the money to expand, and how the increase in privacy and eventually the greater capacity for entertaining made possible by those additional rooms changed their relationships with their families and the people they knew in town. Cleves uses genealogy not merely for the obligatory introduction on her subjects' ancestry but as a way of showing how deeply interconnected New England families were and how names were passed down as a legacy of friendship and respect. She looks at land documents and discusses what is implied when a woman instead of a man held title to the land, and at how poems and hymns could become a symbolic language in a culture where these texts were common currency. As a church organist I understand the latter very well and have no quibble with the premise though I’d like to see the evidence for “Blest Be the Tie that Binds” as a wedding hymn. In this day and age, it is more likely to show up at funerals. Cleves discusses clothing as well, especially the relationship between tailoring and plain sewing in the hierarchy of trades. I wonder if any hints in the letters might suggest masculine forms in Charity’s clothing – the wearing of spencers, “habits,” or habit-shirts, or later, pelisses or redingotes, for example. These were all widely worn by women and would not have caused comment yet might have helped express Charity’s masculine persona. This book is highly recommended for anyone interested in women's history, in early 19th century New England, and in how an intelligent and imaginative use of many kinds of evidence can provide new ways into history.

5 people found this helpful

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Frank Bellizzi

Not as Queer as It Used to Be?

Reviewed in the United States on February 22, 2015

Verified Purchase

Charity & Sylvia is a carefully-researched and beautifully-written story of two women who were as married as they could have been in early nineteenth-century America. Readers learn a great deal about Charity Bryant and Sylvia Drake, their families of origin, their decades-long relationship as "husband and wife," and their dozens of in-laws, nieces and nephews. Rachel Hope Cleves tells this interesting tale in part to demonstrate her thesis: "Same-sex marriage is not as new as Americans on both sides of today's debate tend to assume; it is neither the radical break with timeless tradition that conservatives fear nor the unprecedented innovation of a singularly tolerant age that liberals praise. It fits within a long history of marriage diversity in North America that included practices such as polygamy, self-divorce, free love, and interracial unions" (xviii). One reason that Charity & Sylvia is getting so much "buzz" is that the story related in this book stands on the other side of typical boundaries in the field of LGBT history. Specifically, it pays attention to:

women, not men
the early nineteenth century, not the late twentieth century
life in a small town, not a huge city
religion, in this case New England Puritanism, as a part of the story, not the antithesis of the story

In other words, this book isn't about gay men living in New York during the late twentieth century who happen to keep as far away from churches as they can. Charity and Sylvia also breaks with previous historiography in another way: Cleves argues that people in early America assumed that women who were close friends, and especially those who lived together as a couple, were sometimes more than just friends. One question the book raises has to do with its character as a case study. This story is about one couple. So, just how representative are they? However we might answer that question, one thing is not in doubt. Because "same-sex marriage" is such a hot-button topic in American culture and politics these days, this book will be read and commented on for several years to come.

3 people found this helpful

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MB

Interesting Read

Reviewed in the United States on January 19, 2018

Verified Purchase

If you are expecting a romance novel you should know this isn't that kind of book. It is certainly a love story, but told in the form of an historical biography. I didn't buy it out of any interest in LGBT studies, but rather for my interest in the Drake family (of which I'm a descendant). I found it to be well researched and a good read that will certainly have an important place in my family history collection.

11 people found this helpful

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Sonee Singh

Eye opening

Reviewed in the United States on July 1, 2023

Verified Purchase

Rachel Cleves presents a well researched exploration of the lives of Charity and Sylvia, two women who lived together in the 1800s, at a time when it is hard to believe two women could be living together in a committed relationship. The author delves into the nature of their relationship and describes what their lives could have been like. I thought Cleves would explain how the two women had to hide from the world, but evidence shows the contrary. It was eye-opening.

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