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The Eagle Unbowed: Poland and the Poles in the Second World War Kindle Edition
The Second World War gripped Poland as it did no other country in Europe. Invaded by both Germany and the Soviet Union, it remained under occupation by foreign armies from the first day of the war to the last. The conflict was brutal, as Polish armies battled the enemy on four different fronts. It was on Polish soil that the architects of the Final Solution assembled their most elaborate network of extermination camps, culminating in the deliberate destruction of millions of lives, including three million Polish Jews. In The Eagle Unbowed, Halik Kochanski tells, for the first time, the story of Poland's war in its entirety, a story that captures both the diversity and the depth of the lives of those who endured its horrors.
Most histories of the European war focus on the Allies' determination to liberate the continent from the fascist onslaught. Yet the "good war" looks quite different when viewed from Lodz or Krakow than from London or Washington, D.C. Poland emerged from the war trapped behind the Iron Curtain, and it would be nearly a half-century until Poland gained the freedom that its partners had secured with the defeat of Hitler. Rescuing the stories of those who died and those who vanished, those who fought and those who escaped, Kochanski deftly reconstructs the world of wartime Poland in all its complexity-from collaboration to resistance, from expulsion to exile, from Warsaw to Treblinka. The Eagle Unbowed provides in a single volume the first truly comprehensive account of one of the most harrowing periods in modern history.
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherHarvard University Press
- Publication dateNovember 27, 2012
- File size11880 KB
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Editorial Reviews
From Publishers Weekly
Review
“This is a comprehensive study that provides a fair-minded introduction to the subject.”―Richard J. Evans, The Guardian
“The biggest gap in most histories of the second world war is what happened to Poland. By the war’s end it had lost not only a fifth of its population but also its freedom―despite having fought from the first day to the last against the Germans… But until Halik Kochanski’s The Eagle Unbowed nobody had written a comprehensive English-language history of Poland at war. A British-born historian whose own family’s experiences dot her pages, she weaves together the political, military, diplomatic and human strands of the story. She ranges from the fatal weaknesses of pre-war Poland (divided, cash-strapped and isolated) to the humiliation of Britain’s victory parade in 1946 when the organizers invited Fijians and Mexicans, but not Poles. Readers reared on Western accounts of a war between good and evil may be shocked to learn that for Poles the war was three-sided. The Western allies were duplicitous and the Soviets for the most part as bad as the Nazis… Kochanski gives admirably clear accounts of the battlefield. She unpicks other tangles too: the tense relationship between the impatient, ill-informed underground leadership in Poland and the divided, ill-led exiled government in London, sidelined and then dumped by the allies as the Soviet armies marched west… She uncovers details that will surprise even history geeks… Kochanski marshals an impressive and comprehensive array of English and Polish material.”―The Economist
“An unmatched synthesis of Poland’s wartime experience and fate. Kochanski deftly integrates operational analysis with the complex internal politics of Poland’s armed forces in exile. Her campaign narratives are concise, clear, and persuasive; her account of the Polish Resistance and the 1944 uprising is excellent; and her treatment of Polish–Jewish relations is balanced without being anodyne.”―Dennis Showalter, author of Hitler’s Panzers
“Kochanski’s extraordinary achievement is to bring together the threads of a story only known in fragments or through well-meaning fictional versions like Ian Serraillier’s The Silver Sword. This is the first fully comprehensive account in English of Poland’s war. It is also a brilliant exercise in historiography, showing how the myths and misconceptions that surround the Polish story were constructed and reinforced.”―Brian Morton, The Herald (Scotland)
“Given the unending flow of misconceptions about wartime Poland, a comprehensive survey of this neglected subject is long overdue, and Halik Kochanski’s study fits the bill… Kochanski has a good chance of reaching a wide readership.”―Norman Davies, New York Review of Books
“Owing to the nature of the subject, The Eagle Unbowed is an extraordinarily ambitious book. Kochanski sets out to pull together, for the first time in English, the many different strands of the Polish war experience. These include, among other things, the stories of the German occupation of Western Poland, the Soviet occupation of Eastern Poland, the Holocaust, the Polish pilots who fought in the Battle of Britain, the Polish infantry who fought with the Allies at Monte Cassino, the Polish soldiers who fought with the Red Army, and the Polish Home Army―the military wing of the underground Resistance―which suffered extraordinary losses during the Warsaw Uprising in 1944… She also moves deftly between individual stories and wider themes… Here, for the first time in English, the entire Polish experience of the war is captured in a single volume. The result is a book far bleaker, and far more ambiguous, than anything most Americans have read about the war… Kochanski tells the story of the war from the perspective of the people who lived between the two great totalitarian powers [Russia and Germany] and who suffered the most from their murderous politics… Her story is about Poland, the Polish state, the Polish armies, the Polish population, and―inevitably―the nature of Polishness itself… The Eagle Unbowed is one of the first books to make comprehensive use of the many new sources in English, putting a complicated story into a clear narrative.”―Anne Applebaum, New Republic
“Poland fought from the first day of the second world war until the last―and lost a fifth of its population. The first comprehensive English account of Poland at war weaves together the political, military, diplomatic and human strands, interspersing them with observations drawn from the author’s family experiences.”―The Economist
“Kochanski, a British military historian, integrates concise, clear, and persuasive campaign analyses with an account of the brutality suffered by Poles under German and Soviet occupation during WWII. She also examines the complex internal politics of Poland’s armed forces in exile, and Poland’s international position. She incorporates the creation and performance of the 1st Polish Army on the Eastern Front into a narrative that in most Western accounts is too often dominated by action in Italy and Northwest Europe. Her treatment of the Polish Resistance and the 1944 uprising is excellent. She also establishes the complex mix of operations, logistics, and politics behind the Allies’ limited support for the Home Army in Warsaw. Kochanski’s sympathies clearly lie with Poland’s exile government in London, but she neither conceals nor trivializes policies and decisions that often proved self-defeating. Kochanski also gives an account of the Holocaust and the thorny issue of Polish collaboration in it. Above all, this is a story of expedience: ‘the critical decisions that had to be taken, the terrible role of sheer chance, …the simple desire to survive under the most difficult circumstances.’ And expedients, as Kochanski ably demonstrates, are not always wise.”―Publishers Weekly
“A nation long accustomed to being squeezed by its two powerful neighbors, Germany and Russia, Poland’s plight has not been adequately highlighted in more sweeping, general histories of World War II because much of its suffering during the war has been diffused by the allegations of Polish anti-Semitism. Royal Historical Society fellow Kochanski, while of Polish descent, is not an apologist of the well-documented persecution of the Jews by ethnic Poles resentful of Jewish prosperity during the 1920s or the willing collaboration of some Poles when the Nazis invaded in 1939. Instead, she fashions a clear-eyed, rigorous look at the horrendous toll the Nazi invasion and occupation took, as well as that of the subsequent Soviet opportunistic grab at territory and influence that extended well into the Cold War. After finally gaining a modicum of independence after World War I, with the accommodation of its many minorities, Poland remained poor economically and weak militarily and was powerless to withstand the renewed expansionist plans of her two hostile neighbors. The country’s worst nightmare came true with the blitzkrieg of September 1939 and the Soviet invasion from the east, ostensibly to protect the Ukrainian and Belorussian minorities; despite British protestations to the contrary, Poland was largely abandoned. Kochanski pursues the deportations of thousands of refugees and prisoners into the Soviet Union and the executions and gassing by the Germans. The author also unveils the spirited contribution to the Allied war effort by exiled Poles such as in the RAF and intelligence, and she reports extensively on the Warsaw uprising and the end-of-war confusion… An important study of a long-suffering country that has gained closure from the war only recently.”―Kirkus Reviews
“An informative, authoritative and wide-ranging account of the tragedy that befell Poland and its inhabitants―gentiles and Jews―during the war and its aftermath. The less-well-known story of the Poles deported to the Soviet Union is particularly vivid and moving. An engaging and important book.”―Hubert Zawadzki, author of A Concise History of Poland
“Kochanski tells Poland’s 20th-century story in absorbing detail, from the rebirth of modern Poland in 1919 to the collapse of the Soviet empire in 1989. But her great interests are the war years, 1939 to 1945, and the multiple and repeated atrocities inflicted upon the Polish people… Kochanski…compellingly conveys Poland’s wartime agony and the ordeals of those caught between Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia.”―Daniel Ford, Wall Street Journal
About the Author
Product details
- ASIN : B009Z11QS0
- Publisher : Harvard University Press (November 27, 2012)
- Publication date : November 27, 2012
- Language : English
- File size : 11880 KB
- Text-to-Speech : Enabled
- Screen Reader : Supported
- Enhanced typesetting : Enabled
- X-Ray : Not Enabled
- Word Wise : Enabled
- Print length : 783 pages
- Best Sellers Rank: #299,394 in Kindle Store (See Top 100 in Kindle Store)
- #7 in History of Poland
- #293 in Jewish History (Kindle Store)
- #408 in Geography (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
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Customers find the book provides detailed information and analysis on the roles of Poles before and during WWII. They describe it as an interesting, thorough read that covers every aspect of the history of Poland. Readers praise the book for its comprehensive coverage and value for money.
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Customers find the book readable and detailed. They appreciate the author's thorough account of the events and the footnotes and recommended reading that support it. The content is excellent and well-researched.
"...In summary, Kochanski's book is an easy read offering an abundance of material relative to the trials and tribulations of the Polish people during..." Read more
"...this book five stars because of the impeccable research and the excellent writing. Poland fought with honor against a German nation that had none...." Read more
"...It was well written and researched. So why did I give it 4 stars, instead of 5. For 2 reasons. 1...." Read more
"...The book is interestingly written. I looked forward to returning to it every time I had to set it aside...." Read more
Customers appreciate the book's research quality. They find it informative, well-written, and helpful for historians. The book provides detailed information and analysis on the roles of key players. It is contextually rich and historically accurate, making it a useful reference book. Readers mention that the book includes details from every battle and military/political aspect in a readable way that allows them to understand what happened.
"...In summary, Kochanski's book is an easy read offering an abundance of material relative to the trials and tribulations of the Polish people during..." Read more
"I gave this book five stars because of the impeccable research and the excellent writing...." Read more
"...It was well written and researched. So why did I give it 4 stars, instead of 5. For 2 reasons. 1...." Read more
"...The author has obviously done enormous research on the subject and succeeded in enlightening an old history teacher like myself on several points...." Read more
Customers find the book gripping and interesting. It provides a thorough account of events before and during World War II. Readers appreciate the eyewitness quotes and day-by-day accounts of crucial events. The book helps readers understand post-war European borders and politics with eyewitness quotes and official documents.
"...She also deals fairly with Polish/Jewish relations---meaning that, yes, there have been examples of anti-Semitism, yet, there also have been many..." Read more
"...An excellent book and highly recommended for anyone interested in history. Very well done." Read more
"Great book about Poland during World War 2. I have read many books about Poland during World War 2, and I still learn many new details...." Read more
"...The author does an outstanding job of tracing the story of Poland beyond the end of hostilities in 1945 because, in some ways, the war didn't truly..." Read more
Customers find the book offers good value for money. They say it's an excellent read for history enthusiasts, well-done, and worth their time. The book is detailed and researched, making it a great read.
"...An excellent book and highly recommended for anyone interested in history. Very well done." Read more
"...It is the best book I have read on this topic, and I have read many books on it." Read more
"This highly-detailed and researched book is not for the light-hearted...." Read more
"...This book is well worth the time. A great read." Read more
Customers appreciate the thorough coverage of the book. They find it comprehensive, covering all aspects of the Poles and Poland before and during WWII.
"Kochanski has presented a comprehensive, fair and balanced history of Poland and the Poles during the Second World War...." Read more
"...treatment of TV documentaries - and believe me, this book provided thorough coverage and revealed many details I had been unaware of...." Read more
"Contextually-rich, historically-accurate, comprehensive. Excellent scholarship." Read more
"Excellent book. Covers every aspect of the Poles and Poland before and during WWII." Read more
Top reviews from the United States
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- Reviewed in the United States on December 28, 2012Kochanski has presented a comprehensive, fair and balanced history of Poland and the Poles during the Second World War. Sadly, some professional reviewers have chosen to focus solely upon one topic, viz., anti-Semitism. More specifically, the focus for some is upon the age old canard that the Polish people, during the occupation, did not do enough for their Jewish neighbors. The result of this miss-characterization of the Polish people has been their pervasive portrayal in the media as being dumb, unwashed simpletons.
The material presented by Kochanski is no Polish joke. There is nothing funny about what the Germans or Soviets did to the Polish people or their land. There has existed a veritable silence regarding the suffering of Poles during WWII compared to that of the suffering of Jews. Thankfully, Kochanski details the suffering of the Poles and does not neglect the suffering of the millions of all others during what may only be characterized as an epic conflagration.
Of special interest to me was the detail of the politics surrounding the debate by other nations to support or not support Poland. Simply put, it appears that Poland was essentially abandoned by nations who had been presumed to be allies. It was not until it became clearly obvious to Britain and France that Hitler would soon be knocking on their door that these nations joined the battle----but, unfortunately, much too late for Poland. Sadly, because of the Polish geography, Poland has been a frequent battleground for all of her neighbors.
Also of interest is the manner Poland was treated by the Allies at the end of the war. It is not until recent times that Poland has experienced any semblance of "democracy".
In summary, Kochanski's book is an easy read offering an abundance of material relative to the trials and tribulations of the Polish people during WWII. She also deals fairly with Polish/Jewish relations---meaning that, yes, there have been examples of anti-Semitism, yet, there also have been many examples of Polish valor and defense of Jewish neighbors and friends. Furthermore, lest we forget, there have been examples of Jewish bigotry vis-à-vis the Poles. Nevertheless, at some point in time, it is hoped that the general public will come to understand that there really were no winners of WWII. Also, no singular ethnic group was the sole victim. Yes, millions of Jews died and were brutalized; however, so too were millions of Poles, not to mention the countless deaths of those who belonged to the other warring nations---on all sides. And lastly, as to the charge that Poles did not do enough for their Jewish friends and neighbors, one must ask themselves the question, "How brave will I be facing death, torture or the destruction of my home and family?"
- Reviewed in the United States on October 26, 2020I gave this book five stars because of the impeccable research and the excellent writing. Poland fought with honor against a German nation that had none. Of course it was no match for the Nazis. Poland was completely overpowered but still managed to fight longer and harder, and with more bravery then France. Remember Poland was fighting the Nazis and the Soviets, who split a proud nation into halves, until it suited Hitler and his murdering minions to attack the Soviet Union. Thousands of Poles fought for the western allies during World War Two. Polish pilots helped save London. Liberated parts of Italy, and offered intelligence that was desperately needed to defeat the Germans. In return Poland was betrayed by Churchill and Roosevelt, handed to Stalin to keep him happy. Churchill has been lauded as one of the greatest leaders of all time, and perhaps he was, but history shows he betrayed Poland. That is often overlooked when singing his praises. Just as guilty was Roosevelt. Anything Stalin wanted he got, such as Poland. Is it any wonder this history was hidden so well? Such a complete betrayal of the most loyal ally Great Britain and America had during the war. No longer. Poland will not be betrayed again. It is today a wealthy, powerful, nation. Soviet hatred of Poland remains because despite its best efforts it NEVER really came close to defeating Poland. I do not agree with all Polish policies today but it is their country and they fought long and hard for it. An excellent book and highly recommended for anyone interested in history. Very well done.
- Reviewed in the United States on January 7, 2016Great book about Poland during World War 2. I have read many books about Poland during World War 2, and I still learn many new details. It was well written and researched.
So why did I give it 4 stars, instead of 5. For 2 reasons. 1. The book had way too much information in it. Most of the times, I was captivated by it. But there was times when the book just dragged, and the author couldn't let an issue go away. 2. Sometimes I felt the author blamed all of the Polish defeats and issues on other countries, and never Poland. Which near the end, made me question how biased this author was.
But if you want to read a great book about Poland during World War 2, I highly recommend this book. It is the best book I have read on this topic, and I have read many books on it.
- Reviewed in the United States on July 23, 2016While many books have been written about bits and pieces of the complicated history of Poland's involvement in World War II, this is the first, to my knowledge, to bring the whole story together in a single volume. The author has obviously done enormous research on the subject and succeeded in enlightening an old history teacher like myself on several points. The book is interestingly written. I looked forward to returning to it every time I had to set it aside. The chapter on the Warsaw Uprising of 1944 was especially engaging, leading me to imagine myself on the streets of the Polish capital during those dramatic and tragic week. The author does an outstanding job of tracing the story of Poland beyond the end of hostilities in 1945 because, in some ways, the war didn't truly end for the Poles until the fall of Communism in 1989 when the whole truth about the war could be told.
- Reviewed in the United States on January 30, 2016This highly-detailed and researched book is not for the light-hearted. The author provides an in-depth but readable account of how the Poles, defeated and dismembered by Nazism and Stalinism, fought on bravely throughout the Second World War for their honor, dignity and national freedom on the side of the Allies (Soviet Russia included...). It fascinated me that occupied Poland had four different armies in the field fighting the Germans all over Europe! I recommend this book to anyone who wants to understand what it means for a nation to fight for its national survival. Hats off to the Poles!
Top reviews from other countries
- Gabriel SteinReviewed in the United Kingdom on August 3, 2023
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent, and very interesting
An excellent history of Poland and the polls during World War II. The author does not shy from controversial episodes, such as issues in Polish-Jewish relations or the bitter internecine fighting in pre-war Polish politics and in the Polish government in exile. One can perhaps disagree with some of the conclusions, but this is nevertheless an extremely interesting history which is well written to boot.
- Matt LernerReviewed in Canada on March 6, 2017
5.0 out of 5 stars Comprehensive survey of Poland in the Second World War.
A comprehensive look at Poland and the Polish people throughout the Second World War. Kochanski examines every aspect of the topic, not just being limited to the territory of Poland itself, but the experience of the Poles who were either exiled or escaped to fight during the war. Considerable attention is given to these groups, particularly the Anders Army and the Poles fighting out of the UK. She also notes the political dimensions that the Poles faced, mainly how the government-in-exile interacted with the Allied powers, and how the Soviet Union managed to have a Communist group establish itself as the post-war Polish government. The theme of betrayal is evident throughout, which is not to say that Kochanski wrote with that in mind (she notes in the introduction the book is meant to be objective and not present any argument, but merely a summary of events, which largely holds up), but more a facet of what the Poles dealt with during the conflict. It is also a smooth read, not bogged down in overtly academic writing, despite its subject matter, which aids in the overall message being presented.
- yolaschReviewed in Germany on December 10, 2012
5.0 out of 5 stars Y.Ebers
Ein wichtiges Buch insbesondere in Deutschland!
[...]
Poland at war
The vivisection of Poland
Poland’s wartime suffering was extraordinary. It has been greatly neglected by the rest of the world
Sep 29th 2012 | from the print edition
The Eagle Unbowed: Poland and the Poles in the Second World War. By Halik Kochanski. Allen Lane; 734 pages; £30. To be published in America in November by Harvard University Press; $35. Buy from Amazon.com, Amazon.co.uk
THE biggest gap in most histories of the second world war is what happened to Poland. By the war’s end it had lost not only a fifth of its population but also its freedom—despite having fought from the first day to the last against the Germans.
Many histories deal with the greatest crime of the war years: the annihilation of Europe’s Jews. That chiefly took place in occupied Poland, and the largest number of its victims were citizens of the pre-war republic. But these are books about the Holocaust, not about Poland. Books about Poland abound too. Some deal with the spectacular military events of the war: the Ghetto Uprising of 1943, the Warsaw Uprising of 1944. Others have highlighted the great neglected scandals of the war, such as the Soviet massacre of 20,000 captured Polish officers. A book called “Dark Side of the Moon” tried to alert the West to the Soviet deportation of hundreds of thousands of Polish civilians to privation and death. There are even books about Wojtek, a bear cub adopted by Polish soldiers, who drank beer, ate cigarettes, carried ammunition and died in a zoo in Scotland.
But until Halik Kochanski’s “The Eagle Unbowed” nobody had written a comprehensive English-language history of Poland at war. A British-born historian whose own family’s experiences dot her pages, she weaves together the political, military, diplomatic and human strands of the story. She ranges from the fatal weaknesses of pre-war Poland (divided, cash-strapped and isolated) to the humiliation of Britain’s victory parade in 1946 when the organisers invited Fijians and Mexicans, but not Poles.
Readers reared on Western accounts of a war between good and evil may be shocked to learn that for Poles the war was three-sided. The Western allies were duplicitous and the Soviets for the most part as bad as the Nazis.
Poland fought on four fronts. One force was in Britain, drawn from those who had escaped the defeat in 1939. It helped liberate the Netherlands. Another was drawn from the deportees in the Soviet Union, rescued from death by Hitler’s attack on the Soviets. This ragtag army mustered in Persia, trained in Palestine and fought notably at Monte Cassino in Italy. A third army was formed from Poles who remained inside the Soviet Union, under the leadership of Polish communists and collaborators. It reached Berlin. The fourth, the Home Army (whose poster urging Poles “to arms” is shown above), was in Poland itself. Once the biggest and best-organised underground military force in Nazi-occupied Europe, it was hounded to destruction by the Soviets.
Ms Kochanski gives admirably clear accounts of the battlefield. She unpicks other tangles too: the tense relationship between the impatient, ill-informed underground leadership in Poland and the divided, ill-led exiled government in London, sidelined and then dumped by the allies as the Soviet armies marched west.
She has a keen eye for the striking quote. Here is Heinrich Himmler of the SS on the four years of elementary school which was to be the only education of the Reich’s new subjects:
The sole goal of this schooling is to teach them simple arithmetic, nothing above the number 500, writing one’s name and the doctrine that it is divine law to obey the Germans…I don’t think that reading is desirable.
In an overture to the Holocaust, the Nazis practised mass killings and ethnic cleansing in Poland in 1939 and 1940. Their ultimate plan was to deport 31m Poles to Siberia to make way for German settlers in Poland. Some 200,000 Aryan-looking Polish children were kidnapped and given to German parents. Most were never recovered.
Controversies still rage about wartime Poland. Was the government-in-exile in London too obstinate—or too conciliatory? Could Britain have helped more? Ms Kochanski outlines the arguments, with some quiet words of reproof. But the hand that Poland was dealt was so weak that disaster loomed whether it was played well or badly.
She uncovers details that will surprise even history geeks. Some Polish Jews under Soviet occupation found life so dreadful that they sought refuge in Nazi-ruled Poland. The Warsaw Ghetto contained three churches for the Christians consigned to the ghetto for their Jewish origins.
Her view on the thorniest questions of Poland’s wartime history, such as the connection between local anti-Semitism, collaboration and the Holocaust is cautious but fair-minded. The facts do not stitch together into a simple story. Many Jews were betrayed by neighbours out of fear or greed. But nowhere else in Europe was the price of helping Jews instant execution. Many Christian Poles, including some ardent anti-Semites, took huge risks to protect their Jewish compatriots. Others (including some Jews) joined German-led police units.
Ms Kochanski marshals an impressive and comprehensive array of English and Polish material. But she skips the wealth of German- and Russian-language histories, memoirs and biographies. As a result, though her victims are portrayed in colour, the villains are merely in black and white.
Both the suffering and its subsequent neglect and distortion leave a smouldering sense of outrage. Readers may understand better, for example, why the description of Auschwitz and the like as “Polish death camps” is so unfair and upsetting. Yet against all odds, Poland did survive: indeed it has never been richer, happier and safer. That is thanks to the Poles’ awesome patriotism and resilience. May they never be put to such a test again.
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Piotr83Reviewed in France on November 6, 2012
5.0 out of 5 stars Histoire polonaise
Livre indispensable pour qui veut comprendre la Pologne d'aujourd'hui (et d'hier)mais aussi pour comprendre le chemin qu'il reste à faire pour construire un monde meilleur.
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まげ店長Reviewed in Japan on September 21, 2013
5.0 out of 5 stars 第一次世界大戦〜第二次世界大戦でポーランドが受けた悲劇と屈辱の歴史
ずっとこういう本を探してきたのです!
ポーランド人がドイツとソ連から受けた屈辱の歴史を時系列で分かりやすく説明してくれている本を!
しかもその歴史はポーランド視点でなくてはならず、ポーランド侵攻やワルシャワ蜂起だけに
特化していてはならないのです。
かなり近い本として
Rising '44: The Battle for Warsaw
Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin
Dzieje or''a polskiego na tablicach Grobu Nieznanego 'o'nierza zapisane...
を見つけてきたのですが、この本は狙いといい内容といい戦時ポーランド研究家にはドンピシャです!
冒頭でポーランド語の発音について説明してくれたり、略語や組織人名に関するリファレンスもあります。
ポーランド研究家はこの本を読まずして、何を読めばいいでしょうか?